Worm gear reducer is a kind of transmission machinery with compact structure, large transmission ratio, and self-locking function under certain conditions. It is one of the most commonly used reducers. Among them, the hollow shaft worm gear reducer not only has the above Features, easy installation, reasonable structure, and more and more widely used. The hollow shaft type worm gear reducer is equipped with a helical gear reducer at the input end of the worm gear reducer. The multi-stage reducer constitutes a very low output speed. It is a combination of a helical gear stage and a worm gear stage. Single-stage worm gear reducer has higher efficiency. In addition, the worm gear has low vibration, the worm gear has low noise, and the worm gear has low energy consumption.

Common problems and their causes. 1) Heat and oil leakage of the reducer, (2) Worm gear wear, (3) Transmission pinion helical gear wear, (4) Bearing (worm) damage.

1 The reducer heats up and leaks oil. In order to improve the efficiency of the worm gear reducer, non-ferrous metals are generally used as the worm wheel, and the worm wheel and worm are made of harder steel. There is a difference in thermal expansion between the seals, resulting in gaps between the mating surfaces, and the oil becomes thinner due to the increase in temperature, which is likely to cause leakage. There are four main reasons. One is whether the combination of materials is reasonable, the second is the surface quality of the meshing friction surface, the third is the choice of lubricating oil, whether the amount of addition is correct, and the fourth is the assembly quality and use environment.

2 Worm gear is worn. Worm gears are generally made of tin bronze, and the matched worm material is generally hardened with 45 steel to HRC45-55, and 40C: hardened HRC50-55 is commonly used, and it is ground by a worm grinder to a roughness of RaO. 8 fcm, when the reducer is in normal operation , The worm is like a hardened "file", constantly filing the worm gear, causing the worm gear to wear. Generally speaking, this kind of wear is very slow, like some reducers in a certain factory can be used for more than 10 years. If the wear rate is fast, it is necessary to consider whether the selection of the reducer is correct, whether there is an overload operation, the material of the worm gear, the assembly quality or the use environment and other reasons.

3 The drive pinion helical gear is worn. Generally, it occurs on the reducer installed vertically, mainly related to the amount of lubricant added and the choice of lubricant. When installed vertically, it is easy to cause insufficient lubricating oil. When the reducer stops running, the transmission gear oil between the motor and the reducer is lost, and the gear does not get the proper lubrication protection, and it is not effective during startup or operation. The high lubrication causes mechanical wear and even damage.

4 Worm gear bearing is damaged. When the reducer fails, even if the reduction box is well sealed, the factory often finds that the gear oil in the reducer has been emulsified, and the bearings have been rusted, corroded, and damaged. This is because the gear oil is It is caused by condensation of moisture generated after heat and cold; of course, it is also closely related to the quality of the bearing and the assembly process.

Solution:

(1) Guarantee assembly quality. In order to ensure the quality of assembly, the factory purchased and made some special tools. When disassembling and installing reducer worm gears, bearings, gears and other components, try to avoid direct hits with hammers and other tools; when replacing gears and worm gears, try to use them Replace the original parts and in pairs; when assembling the output shaft, pay attention to the tolerances, D≤50mm, use H7 /k6, D> 50mm, use H7/m6, and use anti-sticking agent or red lead oil for protection The hollow shaft prevents wear and rust, prevents the mating area from scale, and is difficult to disassemble during maintenance.

(2) Selection of lubricating oil and additives. Worm gear reducers generally use 220 # gear oil. For reducers with heavy loads, frequent starts, and poor use environments, the factory also selects some lubricant additives (such as Anji Chemical Company’s good). When the operation is stopped, the gear oil is still attached to the gear surface to form a protective film to prevent heavy load, low speed, high torque, and metal-to-metal contact during startup. The additives also contain seal ring regulator and anti-leakage agent to keep the seal ring soft and elastic, effectively reducing lubricating oil leakage.

(3) Selection of the installation location of the reducer. Where the location permits, try not to use vertical installation. In vertical installation, the amount of lubricant added is much more than that in horizontal installation, which is likely to cause heat generation and oil leakage of the reducer. Some of the 40,000 bottles of pure draft beer production lines introduced by the factory are installed vertically. After a period of operation, the transmission pinion gears are worn out or even damaged. After adjustments, the situation has been greatly improved. .

(4) Establish a corresponding lubrication maintenance system. The factory maintains the reducer in accordance with the "five fixed" principle of lubrication work, so that every reducer is regularly inspected by a valuable person. When the oil temperature rises significantly during work, the temperature rise exceeds 40℃ or the oil temperature When the temperature exceeds 80°C, the quality of the oil is reduced, or more copper powder is found in the oil, and abnormal noise is generated, stop using it immediately and repair it in time, eliminate the fault, and replace the lubricating oil before use. When refueling, pay attention to the same amount of oil and installation position to ensure that the reducer is properly lubricated.

In short, the hollow shaft worm gear reducer is easy to install, reasonable in structure, reliable and durable. Of course, we must also pay attention to choosing the grade of the reducer. The powerful company will adopt the design points according to the design of the reducer, the layout of the heat dissipation ribs, the calculation of the heat balance, the design of the oil circuit, and the actual use and operating conditions of the reducer. The manufacturing process produces high-quality, reliable and durable reducers. As long as users use and maintain them correctly, they can get satisfactory results.